These schemes consist of a product charge (the deposit) and a subsidy for recycling or proper disposal (the refund), with the objective to discourage illegal or improper disposal of products and increase recycling rates. These programs can be either voluntary or legally obligatory. They are typically most associated with plastic or glass bottle recycling programs, but can include any potentially harmful product that requires specific recycling or disposal procedures. One important example for this mechanism is in reducing plastic waste entering the oceans through the establishment of a deposit-refund scheme to ensure collection of plastic bottles. Norway is an example of a country that has had recent success in implementing a deposit-refund scheme, which has led to 97% of all plastic drink bottles being recycled and less than 1% of plastic bottles ending up in the environment.